A cikin kowane motar lantarki, iskar tagulla tana ɗaukar halin yanzu. Suna zaune a cikin ramukan karfe. Karfe yana gudanar da wutar lantarki. Copper yana gudanar da wutar lantarki. Idan sun taba, na yanzu leaks. Motar guntun wando. Aiki ya ragu. Daga ƙarshe, motar ta gaza.
Iyakar abin da ke tsakanin jan karfe da karfe shine takarda mai bakin ciki da ake kiratakardar rufin lantarki.
Bai yi kama da yawa ba. Kashi na millimeter kauri. Yanke cikin madaidaitan siffofi. Zamewa cikin ramin kafin iska ta shiga. Amma ba tare da shi ba, motar ba ta aiki.
The stator core an yi shi ne da ruɓaɓɓen laminations na karfe. Ramin da aka naushi a cikinsu. Injiniyan yana saka takarda mai rufe fuska a cikin kowane ramin, wanda aka naɗe don layi a bango. Sa'an nan windings shiga. Sa'an nan Ramin wedge rufe bude.
Takardar tana da ayyuka uku. Na farko, wutar lantarki - dakatar da halin yanzu daga tsalle daga jan karfe zuwa karfe. Na biyu, kariyar injiniya - matashin iska a kan gefuna masu wuya na lamination na karfe. Na uku, kula da thermal - wasu maki suna taimakawa wajen tafiyar da zafi daga iska.
Idan takardar ta gaza a ɗayan waɗannan, injin ɗin ya gaza.
Ba duk takardar rufewa iri ɗaya ce ba. Motoci daban-daban suna buƙatar kayan daban-daban. Zaɓin ya dogara da zafin jiki, ƙarfin lantarki, damuwa na inji, da farashi.
Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin kera motoci a yau.
| Lambar kayan aiki | Gina | Ajin zafin jiki | Yawan kauri | Mafi kyau ga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DMD | Polyester fim + polyester nonwoven bangarorin biyu | Darasi na F (155°C) | 0.15-0.35 mm | Motoci na gabaɗaya, kayan aikin wuta, kayan aikin gida |
| NMN | Polyester film + polyamide nonwoven bangarorin biyu | Darasi na F (155°C) | 0.20-0.40 mm | Ƙarfin injina mafi girma, injunan motoci |
| NHN | Fim ɗin polyimide + polyamide wanda ba a saka a bangarorin biyu ba | Darasi na H (180°C) | 0.20 - 0.35 mm | Motoci masu zafin jiki, EV traction motors |
| Aramid paper | 100% aramid fibers (nau'in Nomex) | Class H (180°C) zuwa Class C (220°C) | 0.18-0.50 mm | Babban aminci, masu canza wuta, injina masu nauyi |
| Polyimide fim | Polyimide mai Layer-Layer (Nau'in Kapton) | Class H (180°C) zuwa Class C (220°C) | 0.05-0.15 mm | Aikace-aikace na bakin bango, sararin samaniya |
DMD shine kayan aiki. Yana rufe mafi yawan daidaitattun injina akan farashi mai ma'ana. NMN yana ƙara ƙarfin injina. NHN yana ƙara juriya na zafi. Takardar Aramid tana ƙara duka biyun tare da ingantaccen ƙarfin dielectric. Fim ɗin polyimide shine don matsatsun wurare.
Kowane abu mai rufi yana ɗaukar ƙimar zafin jiki. Wannan ba talla ba ne. Ƙa'ida ce da aka gwada.
| Class | Matsakaicin zafin aiki | Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun |
|---|---|---|
| Darasi A | 105°C | Tsofaffin ƙira, injuna masu ƙarancin aiki |
| Class E | 120°C | Ƙananan magoya baya, famfo |
| Darasi na B | 130°C | Janar manufa Motors |
| Class F | 155°C | Kayan aikin wutar lantarki, injinan masana'antu |
| Darasi na H | 180°C | EV Motors, servo Motors |
| Darasi C | 220°C | Babban aiki, sararin samaniya, matsanancin aiki |
Zaɓin aji mara kyau kuskure ne na kowa. Idan motar tana aiki a 140°C ci gaba, Class B (130°C) zai gaza. Class F (155°C) shine mafi ƙarancin zaɓi mai aminci.
Amma lura: ƙimar zafin jiki ya shafi ci gaba da aiki. Mafi girman yanayin zafi na iya zama sama. Injiniyoyi masu kyau suna ƙara gefe. Motar da ke aiki a ci gaba da 140°C yakamata ya sami rufin Class H, ba kawai Class F ba.
Yaushekimanta takarda mai rufi, da yawa fasaha sigogi al'amura. Ga abin da suke nufi.
Kauri.Auna a cikin millimeters. Matsakaicin kewayon shine 0.15mm zuwa 0.40mm don masu ramuka. Takarda mai kauri yana ba da ƙarfin dielectric mafi girma da mafi kyawun kariya na inji. Takardar bakin ciki tana barin ƙarin ɗaki don jan ƙarfe, yana ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin motsi. Babban manufar shine aikin injiniya.
Dielectric ƙarfi.Auna a kilovolts a kowace millimeter. Wannan yana gaya muku adadin ƙarfin lantarki na takarda zai iya toshewa kafin ya lalace. Matsakaicin ƙimar DMD shine 5-8 kV don takardar 0.2mm. Mafi girma shine mafi kyau, amma ainihin abin da ake buƙata ya dogara da ƙarfin lantarki. Don motar 400V EV, 3-5kV ya isa. Don tsarin 800V, 6-8 kV ya fi aminci.
Ƙarfin ƙarfi.Aunawa a cikin Newtons a cikin faɗin 15mm. Wannan yana gaya muku adadin ƙarfin ja da takarda za ta iya ɗauka kafin yaga. Mahimmanci saboda takardar ana naɗewa kuma an saka ta da injin. Rashin hawaye takarda a lokacin taro. Downtime ya biyo baya.
Tsawaitawa a lokacin hutu.Kashi na mikewa kafin yaga. Takardar da ke shimfiɗa 10-15% ta fi gafartawa yayin nadawa. Takarda mai karyewa a kusurwoyi masu kaifi.
Tsarewar hawaye.An auna a Newtons. Takarda tana nadewa. Ninke suna haifar da wuraren damuwa. Idan juriyar tsagawar gefen ta yi ƙasa, takardar tana rarrabuwa a layin ninka yayin sakawa.
Kyakkyawan maroki yana ba da waɗannan lambobi akan takardar shaidar kayan. Wani matalauci mai sayarwa ya ce "ya cika ka'idojin masana'antu" ba tare da bayar da ainihin ƙimar gwaji ba.
Motocin motocin lantarki sun canza kasuwar takarda mai rufi. Abubuwan da ake buƙata sun fi tsanani.
Yanayin zafi mafi girma.Motocin EV suna yin zafi fiye da injinan masana'antu. Ruwan sanyaya yana taimakawa, amma wuraren zafi har yanzu sun kai 160-180 ° C. Kayan Ajin H (180°C) daidai suke. Wasu masana'antun suna motsawa zuwa Class C (220°C) don ƙira na gaba.
Maɗaukakin ƙarfin lantarki.Motocin EV na farko sun yi gudu a 300-400V. Sabbin tsarin aiki suna aiki a 800V. Tsarin mai zuwa zai yi aiki a 1200V ko sama da haka. Bukatun ƙarfin dielectric sun ninka sau biyu. Takardar da ta yi aiki don 400V na iya zama mai aminci ga 800V.
Bayyanar mai.Yawancin motocin EV suna amfani da mai don sanyaya da mai. Takardar insulation tana zaune a cikin wannan man. Wasu kayan sun kumbura ko kuma suna raguwa a cikin mai. Takaddun tushen polyimide suna aiki da kyau. Takardun tushen polyester na iya samun iyakancewa. Nemi bayanan gwajin dacewa da mai.
Kayan aiki da kai.Layukan samar da motoci na EV suna gudana cikin babban gudu. Ana ciyar da takarda daga jujjuyawar, yanke, naɗewa, kuma ana shigar da ita ta atomatik. Abubuwan daidaiton kayan abu. Bambancin kauri na ± 0.01mm na iya matse mai sakawa ta atomatik.
Ka'idodin kayan abu abu ɗaya ne. Abin da ainihin ke faruwa ba daidai ba a filin masana'anta shine wani.
Matsala ta daya: hawayen takarda yayin nad'ewa.Na'ura tana ninka takarda zuwa siffar U don layin ramin. Idan takardar tana da ƙananan ƙarfin hawaye, ta rabu a layin ninka. Layin yana tsayawa. Mai aiki yana share matsi. Ana ci gaba da samarwa. Wannan yana faruwa sau da dama a kowane motsi tare da kayan mara kyau.
Matsala ta biyu: Girman takarda yana canzawa tare da zafi.Takardar Aramid tana jan danshi daga iska. A cikin babban zafi, yana faɗaɗa. A cikin ƙananan zafi, yana raguwa. An daidaita injin ɗin don girman guda ɗaya. Lokacin da takarda ta canza girma, siffar da aka naɗe tana canzawa. Saka ta kasa. Kyakkyawan masu kaya suna jigilar takarda a cikin marufi mai tabbatar da danshi. Kyawawan masana'antu suna adana shi a cikin ɗakunan da ke sarrafa yanayi.
Matsala ta uku: gurɓataccen abu.Wasu takarda mai rufewa suna da madauri mai kunna zafi a gefe ɗaya. Bayan shigar, zafi yana ɗaure takarda zuwa bangon ramin. Idan mannen ya fita yayin ajiya ko canja wuri, yana manne da jagororin inji. kura tana tarawa. alignment drifts. Maganin shine masana'anta mai tsabta da madaidaicin sakin layi.
Anan ga ainihin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan tuƙi na EV.
| Siga | Bukatu |
|---|---|
| Kayan abu | NHN ko aramid paper |
| Ajin zafin jiki | Mafi ƙarancin Class H (180°C). |
| Kauri | 0.25mm ± 0.02mm |
| Nisa | Dangane da zane (faɗin rami + 2x overhang) |
| Dielectric ƙarfi | ≥6 kV don 0.25mm kauri |
| Ƙarfin ƙarfi | ≥150 N / 15mm a inji shugabanci |
| Tsawaitawa | ≥10% |
| Daidaituwar mai | Babu kumburi ko delamination bayan sa'o'i 1000 a cikin watsa ruwa a 120 ° C |
| Marufi | Tabbatar da danshi, alamar zafi ya haɗa |
| Takaddun shaida | UL94 V-0 flammability, RoHS yarda |
Aika wannan zuwa masu kaya uku. Kwatanta rahoton gwajin da suka bayar. Tambayi game da bambancin - tsari zuwa tsari, mirgine don mirgina. Mai ba da kaya wanda ke amsawa da bayanai shine wanda ya dogara.
Zan iya amfani da takarda mai rufi iri ɗaya don duk injina?
Ba yawanci ba. Motoci daban-daban suna gudana a yanayin zafi daban-daban da ƙarfin lantarki. Daidaitawa akan abu ɗaya yana sauƙaƙa ƙira amma yana tilasta muku amfani da abu mafi girma fiye da larura ga wasu injina, ƙara farashi. Ko kun yi amfani da ƙananan kayan abu da gazawar haɗari. Zai fi dacewa don cancantar abubuwa biyu ko uku kuma daidaita su zuwa aikace-aikace.
Menene bambanci tsakanin NMN da NHN?
Layer na tsakiya. NMN yana amfani da fim ɗin polyester. NHN yana amfani da fim din polyimide. Polyimide yana jure yanayin zafi mai girma. Ga motocin da ke gudana ƙasa da 155°C, NMN yayi kyau. Don 155-180 ° C, zaɓi NHN. Bambancin farashi yana da matsakaici.
Shin takarda mai kauri koyaushe yana nufin mafi kyawun rufi?
Ba koyaushe ba. Ƙarfin dielectric yana ƙaruwa tare da kauri, amma dacewa na inji yana da wuya. Takarda mai kauri tana ɗaukar sarari a cikin ramin. Wannan sarari zai iya ɗaukar ƙarin tagulla. Masu zanen motoci suna musayar kauri da kauri daga cikar jan karfe. Takarda mai bakin ciki yana ba da damar ƙarin jan ƙarfe, ƙarfi mafi girma, amma yana buƙatar ingantaccen sarrafa tsari.
Menene rayuwar shiryayye na takarda mai rufi?
Ya dogara da yanayin ajiya. A cikin marufi na asali, sarrafa yanayi, takarda aramid yana ɗaukar shekaru. Kayan tushen polyester na iya raguwa da sauri. Babban haɗari shine ɗaukar danshi da tsufa na m. Idan an adana takarda fiye da shekaru biyu, gwada samfurin kafin amfani.
Ta yaya zan san idan takardar mai kaya ta yi daidai?
Nemi bayanan Cpk akan kauri. Cpk na 1.33 ko mafi girma yana nufin tsarin yana da iko. Hakanan nemi rahotannin gwaji-zuwa-batch. Idan mai sayarwa ba zai iya samar da waɗannan ba, ba sa sarrafa tsarin su.
Za a iya sake yin amfani da takardar rufewa?
Yawanci shine thermoset ko babban aikin thermoplastic. Sake amfani da abu yana da wahala. Wasu takardun aramid za a iya tunkude su, amma tsarin ba ya da yawa. Masana'antar ta mayar da hankali kan rage sharar gida a cikin yankewa da sakawa, ba akan sake amfani da kayan masarufi ba.
Rubutun takardaLines da Ramin ganuwar. Ramin tsinke yana rufe buɗewa. Dole ne su yi aiki tare.
Gishiri yana danna kan takarda a buɗe ramin. Idan takardar ta yi laushi sosai, tsinken za ta tono a ciki. Idan takardar ta yi rauni sosai, za ta tsage a wurin tuntuɓar ƙugiya.
Ga injiniyoyin EV, injiniyoyi da yawa suna haɗa takarda aramid tare da ƙuƙumman aramid. Iyali iri ɗaya, haɓakar zafi iri ɗaya da halayen injina. Don injunan injina na gabaɗaya, takarda DMD tare da ginshiƙan fiber-gilashi tabbataccen haɗin gwiwa.
Lokacin yin oda daga mai kaya, saka abubuwa biyu tare. Mai kaya zai iya daidaita tsarin kayan.
