Fahimtar ilimin magnetic abu

1. Me yasa maganadisu ke yin maganadisu?

Galibin kwayoyin halitta sun kasance ne da kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke atoms wadanda su kuma suka hada da nuclei da electrons. A cikin zarra, electrons suna jujjuya kuma suna jujjuya kewayen tsakiya, duka biyun suna haifar da maganadisu. Amma a mafi yawan al'amuran, electrons suna motsawa a kowane nau'i na bazuwar kwatance, kuma tasirin maganadisu yana soke juna. Saboda haka, yawancin abubuwa ba sa nuna maganadisu a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada.

Ba kamar kayan ferromagnetic kamar ƙarfe, cobalt, nickel ko ferrite ba, na'urorin lantarki na ciki na iya yin layi ba tare da bata lokaci ba a cikin ƙananan yankuna, suna samar da yankin maganadisu na bazata da ake kira yankin maganadisu. Lokacin da aka yi maganadisu na ferromagnetic kayan, wuraren magnetic su na ciki suna daidaitawa da kyau kuma a hanya guda, suna ƙarfafa maganadisu da samar da maganadisu. Tsarin maganadisu na maganadisu shine tsarin magnetization na ƙarfe. Iron magnetized da maganadisu suna da sha'awar polarity daban-daban, kuma ƙarfen yana da ƙarfi "manne" tare da maganadisu.

2. Yadda za a ayyana aikin maganadisu?

Akwai sigogin aiki na musamman guda uku don tantance aikin maganadisu:
Remanent Br: Bayan Magnetic na dindindin ya zama magnetized zuwa jikewar fasaha kuma an cire filin maganadisu na waje, abin da ke riƙe da shi ana kiransa ragowar ƙarfin shigar da maganadisu.
Ƙaddamarwa Hc: Don rage B na magnetin dindindin magnetized zuwa jikewa na fasaha zuwa sifili, ƙarfin filin maganadisu na baya da ake buƙata shine ake kira ƙarfin maganadisu, ko tilastawa a takaice.
Samfurin makamashi na Magnetic BH: yana wakiltar ƙarfin ƙarfin maganadisu da magnet ya kafa a cikin sararin ratar iska (sarari tsakanin igiyoyin maganadisu biyu na maganadisu), wato, ƙarfin maganadisu a tsaye a kowane juzu'i na ratar iska.

3. Yadda za a rarraba kayan magnetic karfe?

Karfe Magnetic kayan sun kasu kashi na dindindin kayan maganadisu da taushi Magnetic kayan. Yawancin lokaci, kayan da ke da ƙarfin ƙarfi na ciki wanda ya fi 0.8kA/m ana kiransa abu mai ƙarfi na dindindin, kuma kayan da ke da ƙarfin ƙarfin ciki ƙasa da 0.8kA/m ana kiransa abu mai laushi.

4. Kwatanta ƙarfin maganadisu na nau'ikan maganadisu da yawa da ake amfani da su

Magnetic ƙarfi daga babba zuwa ƙarami tsari: Ndfeb maganadisu, samarium cobalt maganadisu, aluminum nickel cobalt maganadisu, ferrite maganadisu.

5. Misalin valence na jima'i na kayan maganadisu daban-daban?

Ferrite: ƙananan aiki da matsakaici, farashin mafi ƙasƙanci, halayen zafin jiki mai kyau, juriya na lalata, ƙimar farashin aiki mai kyau
Ndfeb: mafi girman aiki, matsakaicin farashin, ƙarfin mai kyau, ba mai jure yanayin zafi da lalata ba
Samarium cobalt: babban aiki, farashi mafi girma, gaggautsa, kyawawan halayen zafin jiki, juriya na lalata
Aluminum nickel cobalt: ƙarancin aiki da matsakaici, matsakaicin farashi, kyawawan halaye na zafin jiki, juriya lalata, juriya mara kyau
Samarium cobalt, ferrite, Ndfeb ana iya yin ta ta hanyar sintering da haɗin kai. The sintering Magnetic dukiya ne high, forming ne matalauta, da bonding maganadisu ne mai kyau da kuma yi da aka rage da yawa. Ana iya ƙera AlNiCo ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare da gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare, simintin simintin gyare-gyare yana da mafi girman kaddarorin da ƙarancin tsari, kuma maɗaukakin maganadisu suna da ƙananan kaddarorin kuma mafi kyawun tsari.

6. Halayen maganadisu Ndfeb

Ndfeb Magnetic abu na dindindin abu ne na maganadisu na dindindin bisa tushen tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin Nd2Fe14B. Ndfeb yana da wani sosai high Magnetic makamashi samfurin da karfi, da kuma abũbuwan amfãni daga high makamashi yawa sa ndFEB m maganadisu abu yadu amfani da zamani masana'antu da lantarki da fasaha, don haka da cewa kida, electroacoustic Motors, Magnetic rabuwa magnetization kayan miniaturization, haske nauyi, bakin ciki zama mai yiwuwa.

Halayen kayan aiki: Ndfeb yana da fa'idodi na babban farashi mai tsada, tare da kyawawan halayen injina; Rashin hasara shi ne cewa ma'aunin zafin jiki na Curie yana da ƙasa, yanayin yanayin zafi ba shi da kyau, kuma yana da sauƙi don lalata foda, don haka dole ne a inganta shi ta hanyar daidaita abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadaran da kuma ɗaukar jiyya na ƙasa don saduwa da bukatun aikace-aikacen aiki.
Tsarin masana'antu: Kera Ndfeb ta amfani da tsarin ƙarfe na foda.
Tsarin tsari: batching â † 'narkewar ingot yin â†' foda yin â†' dannawa â†' sintering tempering â†' ganowar maganadisu â†' niƙa â†' yankan fil â†' electroplating â†' gama samfurin.

7. Menene maganadisu mai gefe guda?

Magnet yana da sanduna biyu, amma a wasu matsayi na aiki yana buƙatar magnetin igiya guda ɗaya, don haka muna buƙatar amfani da baƙin ƙarfe zuwa akwati na maganadisu, ƙarfe ta gefen garkuwar maganadisu, kuma ta hanyar refraction zuwa wancan gefen magnet ɗin, yin ɗayan. gefen Magnetic ƙarfi, irin wannan maganadiso gaba ɗaya san su da guda Magnetic ko maganadiso. Babu wani abu kamar maganadisu mai gefe guda.
Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su don maganadisu ɗaya-gefe gabaɗaya takardar ƙarfe na ƙarfe ne da Ndfeb ƙaƙƙarfan maganadisu, sifar magnet mai gefe guda don ndFEB mai ƙarfi magnet gabaɗaya siffar zagaye.

8. Menene amfanin maganadisu mai gefe guda?

(1) Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar bugawa. Akwai maganadisu mai gefe guda a cikin akwatunan kyauta, akwatunan wayar hannu, akwatunan taba da giya, akwatunan wayar hannu, akwatunan MP3, akwatunan wainar wata da sauran kayayyaki.
(2) Ana amfani da ita sosai a masana'antar kayan fata. Jakunkuna, jakunkuna, jakunkuna na tafiye-tafiye, akwatunan wayar hannu, wallet da sauran kayan fata duk suna da ma'aunin maganadisu mai gefe guda.
(3) Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin masana'antar kayan rubutu. Abubuwan maganadisu guda ɗaya suna wanzu a cikin litattafan rubutu, maɓallan farar allo, manyan fayiloli, faranti na maganadisu da sauransu.

9. Menene ya kamata a kula da shi a lokacin sufuri na maganadiso?

Kula da zafi na cikin gida, wanda dole ne a kiyaye shi a matakin bushe. Kada ku wuce zafin jiki; Baƙin toshe ko maras kyau na ajiyar samfur ana iya shafa shi da kyau da mai (janar man fetur); Ya kamata samfuran lantarki su kasance a rufe-ƙulle-ƙulle ko ajiyar iska, don tabbatar da juriya na lalata; Ya kamata a tsotse kayan aikin maganadisu tare kuma a adana su a cikin kwalaye don kada a tsotse sauran jikin karfe; Ya kamata a adana samfuran maganadisu nesa da fayafan maganadisu, katunan maganadisu, kaset ɗin maganadisu, na'urorin kwamfuta, agogo da sauran abubuwa masu mahimmanci. Ya kamata a kiyaye yanayin Magnetization magnet yayin sufuri, musamman ma jigilar iska dole ne a kiyaye gaba ɗaya.

10. Yadda za a cimma kadaici na maganadisu?

Abu ne kawai wanda za'a iya haɗawa da maganadisu zai iya toshe filin maganadisu, kuma mafi girman kayan, mafi kyau.

11. Wanne kayan ferrite ne ke gudanar da wutar lantarki?

Soft Magnetic ferrite na da Magnetic conductivity abu, takamaiman high permeability, high resistivity, gaba ɗaya amfani da high mita, yafi amfani da lantarki sadarwa. Kamar kwamfutoci da TVS da muke taɓa kowace rana, akwai aikace-aikace a cikinsu.
ferrite mai laushi ya ƙunshi manganese-zinc da nickel-zinc da sauransu. Manganese-zinc ferrite magnetic conductivity ya fi na nickel-zinc ferrite girma.
Menene zafin Curie na dindindin magnet ferrite?
An ba da rahoton cewa zafin Curie na ferrite yana kusan 450℃, yawanci ya fi ko daidai da 450℃. Taurin shine kusan 480-580. Yanayin zafin Curie na Ndfeb maganadisu yana tsakanin 350-370℃. Amma yawan zafin jiki na Ndfeb magnet ba zai iya kaiwa ga Curie zafin jiki ba, yawan zafin jiki ya fi 180-200℃ magnetic dukiya ya rage da yawa, Magnetic asarar kuma yana da girma sosai, ya rasa ƙimar amfani.

13. Menene ma'auni masu tasiri na mahimmancin maganadisu?

Maƙallan Magnetic, musamman kayan ferrite, suna da ma'auni iri-iri na geometric. Domin saduwa da buƙatun ƙira iri-iri, ana ƙididdige girman ainihin don dacewa da buƙatun ingantawa. Waɗannan mahimman sigogin da ke akwai sun haɗa da sigogi na zahiri kamar hanyar maganadisu, yanki mai tasiri da ƙarar inganci.

14. Me yasa radius na kusurwa yake da mahimmanci don iska?

Radius na angular yana da mahimmanci saboda idan gefen ainihin yana da kaifi sosai, zai iya karya rufin waya a lokacin daidaitaccen tsarin iska. Tabbatar cewa ainihin gefuna suna santsi. Ƙwayoyin ferrite su ne gyare-gyare tare da daidaitaccen radius na zagaye, kuma waɗannan muryoyin ana goge su kuma an cire su don rage kaifin gefuna. Bugu da kari, galibi ana fentin su ko kuma an rufe su ba don sanya kusurwoyinsu su wuce gona da iri ba, har ma don sanya shimfidarsu ta santsi. Tushen foda yana da radius na matsa lamba a gefe ɗaya da kuma da'ira mai ɓarna a ɗayan gefen. Don kayan ferrite, an ba da ƙarin murfin gefen gefe.

15. Wane irin Magnetic core ya dace da yin tasfofi?

Don saduwa da buƙatun na'urar wutar lantarki ya kamata ya sami babban ƙarfin induction na maganadisu a gefe ɗaya, a gefe guda don kiyaye yanayin zafinsa cikin ƙayyadaddun iyaka.
Don inductance, Magnetic core ya kamata ya sami wani tazara na iska don tabbatar da cewa yana da wani matakin haɓakawa a cikin yanayin babban motar DC ko AC, ferrite da core na iya zama maganin tazarar iska, foda core yana da nasa ratar iska.

16. Wane irin Magnetic core ne mafi kyau?

Ya kamata a ce cewa babu amsa ga matsalar, saboda zabi na Magnetic core an ƙaddara bisa ga aikace-aikace da aikace-aikace mita, da dai sauransu, duk wani abu zabi da kasuwar dalilai da za a yi la'akari, misali, wasu kayan iya tabbatar da yawan zafin jiki yana da ƙananan, amma farashin yana da tsada, don haka, lokacin da zaɓi abu a kan babban zafin jiki, Zai yiwu a zabi mafi girma girma amma kayan da ƙananan farashi don kammala aikin, don haka zaɓin mafi kyawun kayan zuwa buƙatun aikace-aikacen. don inductor ko taswira na farko, daga wannan batu, mitar aiki da farashi shine mahimman abubuwan, kamar zaɓin mafi kyawun kayan abu daban-daban yana dogara ne akan mitar sauyawa, zafin jiki da ƙarfin maganadisu.

17. Menene zoben maganadisu na hana tsangwama?

Zoben maganadisu na hana tsangwama kuma ana kiransa zoben maganadisu ferrite. Madogarar kira ta zoben maganadisu na hana tsangwama, shine cewa zai iya taka rawar hana tsangwama, alal misali, samfuran lantarki, ta siginar tashin hankali na waje, mamaye samfuran lantarki, samfuran lantarki sun karɓi tsangwama siginar waje, ba a kasance ba. iya gudu kullum, kuma anti-tsangwama Magnetic zobe, kawai na iya samun wannan aiki, idan dai kayayyakin da anti-tsangwama Magnetic zobe, shi zai iya hana waje damuwa siginar a cikin lantarki kayayyakin, Yana iya sa lantarki kayayyakin gudu kullum da kuma kunna tasirin hana tsangwama, don haka ana kiransa zoben maganadisu na gaba-gaba.

Anti-tsangwama Magnetic zobe kuma ana kiransa da ferrite Magnetic zobe, saboda ferrite Magnetic zobe an yi shi da ƙarfe oxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, copper oxide da sauran kayan ferrite, saboda waɗannan kayan sun ƙunshi abubuwan ferrite, da kayan ferrite da aka samar da su. samfur kamar zobe, don haka bayan lokaci ana kiransa zoben maganadisu na ferrite.

18. Yadda za a demagnetize da Magnetic core?

Hanyar ita ce a yi amfani da alternating current na 60Hz zuwa core ta yadda farkon tuƙi ya isa ya cika madaidaici da mara kyau, sannan a hankali a rage matakin tuƙi, ana maimaita sau da yawa har sai ya faɗi zuwa sifili. Kuma hakan zai sa ta sake komawa ga asalinta.
Menene magnetoelasticity (magnetostriction)?
Bayan da abin maganadisu ya yi maganadisu, ƙaramin canji a cikin lissafi zai faru. Wannan canjin girman ya kamata ya kasance akan tsari na ƴan sassa a kowace miliyan, wanda ake kira magnetostriction. Ga wasu aikace-aikace, irin su na'urorin lantarki na ultrasonic, ana ɗaukar fa'idar wannan kadarar don samun nakasar injina ta hanyar magnetostriction mai jin daɗi. A wasu, amo na busa lokacin aiki a cikin kewayon mitar da ake ji. Saboda haka, ana iya amfani da ƙananan kayan shrinkage na magnetic a cikin wannan yanayin.

20. Menene rashin daidaituwa na maganadisu?

Wannan al'amari yana faruwa ne a cikin ferrite kuma yana da alaƙa da raguwar haɓakawa wanda ke faruwa lokacin da aka lalata tushen. Wannan lalatawar na iya faruwa lokacin da zafin zafin aiki ya fi ƙarfin ma'aunin Curie, kuma aikace-aikacen canza yanayin halin yanzu ko na inji yana raguwa a hankali.

A cikin wannan al'amari, daɗaɗɗen daɗaɗɗa ya fara ƙaruwa zuwa matakinsa na asali sannan kuma yana raguwa da sauri. Idan ba a sa ran wani yanayi na musamman ta hanyar aikace-aikacen ba, canjin da za a iya canzawa zai zama ƙananan, saboda yawancin canje-canje za su faru a cikin watanni masu zuwa samarwa. Babban yanayin zafi yana haɓaka wannan raguwar haɓakar haɓaka. Ana maimaita dissonance na Magnetic bayan kowace nasara ta demagnetization don haka ya bambanta da tsufa.