Magnets Motoci Masu Ƙaunar Canjawa

2023-03-21

Magnets Motoci Masu Ƙaunar Canjawa


Motar da ba ta son canjawa wani nau'in injin ne na musamman wanda rotor ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, kowane sandar sandar ya ƙunshi maganadisu da rashin so. Ana amfani da injunan ƙin yarda da canza canjin aiki a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ƙarfin farawa mai ƙarfi da inganci mai ƙarfi, kamar motocin lantarki da tuƙi na masana'antu.

A cikin motar da ba ta so, maganadisu yawanci maganadiso ne na dindindin kuma ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar filin maganadisu na dindindin. Magneto-resistors an yi su ne da kayan maganadisu waɗanda wutar lantarki ke sarrafa su don daidaita ƙarfi da shugabanci na filin maganadisu. Lokacin da halin yanzu ke wucewa ta cikin rashin so, maganadisu na rashin so yana ƙaruwa, yana haifar da filin maganadisu mai ƙarfi wanda ke jan hankalin magnet zuwa rashin son da ke kusa da shi. Wannan tsari yana haifar da rotor don juyawa, wanda ke motsa motar.

Magnet yana taka rawa wajen samar da filin maganadisu na dindindin a cikin motar da ba ta so ta canza, kuma rashin son ya daidaita ƙarfi da shugabanci na filin maganadisu don sarrafa aikin motar.

Ka'idodin aiki na asali na motar rashin son canzawa

Motar da ba ta so (Switched Reluctance Motor, SRM) na abin hawan lantarki yana da tsari mai sauƙi. Stator yana ɗaukar tsarin jujjuyawar mai da hankali, yayin da na'ura mai jujjuyawar ba ta da wani juyi. Tsarin injin da ba a so da kuma induction stepping motor sun ɗan yi kama da juna, kuma duka biyun suna amfani da ƙarfin jan ƙarfe (Max-well force) tsakanin kafofin watsa labarai daban-daban ƙarƙashin aikin filin maganadisu don samar da karfin wutar lantarki.

The stator da na'ura mai juyi na sauya reluctance motor sun hada da silicon karfe sheet laminations da kuma daukar wani salient iyakacin duniya tsarin. The stator da na'ura mai juyi sanduna na canza reluctance motor ne daban-daban, kuma duka stator da rotor suna da kananan cogging. Rotor ya ƙunshi babban ƙarfe na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi ba tare da coils ba. Gabaɗaya, rotor yana da sanduna biyu ƙasa da na stator. Akwai nau'o'i masu yawa na stator da rotors, na kowa shine tsarin na'ura mai kwakwalwa guda shida da hudu (6/4) da tsarin na'urori takwas da masu rotors shida (8/6).

Motar da ba ta so ta canza wani nau'in injin sarrafa saurin gudu ne wanda aka haɓaka bayan injin DC da injin DC maras goge (BLDC). Matakan wutar lantarki na samfuran sun kai daga watts kaɗan zuwa ɗaruruwan kw, kuma ana amfani da su sosai a fannonin kayan aikin gida, jiragen sama, sararin samaniya, na'urorin lantarki, injina da motocin lantarki.


Yana bin ka'idar cewa motsin maganadisu koyaushe yana rufe tare da hanya tare da mafi girman ƙarfin maganadisu, kuma yana haifar da ƙarfin ja da maganadisu don samar da ƙarfin juzu'i na lantarki. Saboda haka, ka'idarsa ita ce rashin son da'irar maganadisu ya kamata ya canza kamar yadda zai yiwu lokacin da na'ura mai jujjuya ya juya, don haka motar da ba ta so ta canza ta ɗauki tsari mai mahimmanci guda biyu, kuma adadin sandunan stator da rotor ya bambanta.

Da'irar sauyawa mai sarrafawa shine mai canzawa, wanda ke samar da babban da'irar wutar lantarki tare da samar da wutar lantarki da kuma jujjuyawar motsi. Mai gano matsayi shine muhimmin sifa mai mahimmanci na motar da ba ta so. Yana gano matsayi na rotor a cikin ainihin lokaci kuma yana sarrafa aikin mai canzawa cikin tsari da inganci.

Motar tana da babban karfin farawa, ƙananan farawa na yanzu, babban ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙimar inertia mai ƙarfi, saurin amsawa mai ƙarfi, babban inganci a cikin kewayon saurin sauri, kuma yana iya fahimtar sarrafawa huɗu cikin sauƙi. Waɗannan halayen sun sa motar da ba ta so ta canza ta dace da aiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban na motocin lantarki, kuma samfuri ne mai girma a tsakanin injinan abin hawa na lantarki. Motar da ba ta so ta canza tana aiki da babban aiki na dindindin kayan maganadisu zuwa jikin motar da ba ta so, wanda shine babban ci gaba ga tsarin motar. Motar ta haka ta shawo kan gazawar jinkirin commutation da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi a cikin SRM na gargajiya, kuma yana ƙara takamaiman ƙarfin ƙarfin injin. Motar tana da babban juzu'i, wanda ke da fa'ida sosai don aikace-aikacen sa a cikin motocin lantarki.
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